HISTORY 231: March 2011

COURSE SYLLABUS
HISTORY 231-1 MWF 9:30-10:50
HISTORY 231-2 MWF 1:45-3:05

Office: Faculty Towers 201A
Instructor: Dr. Schmoll
Office Hours: MWF 12:15 to 1:45
…OR MAKE AN APPOINTMENT!!!
Email: bschmoll@csub.edu
Office Phone: 654-6549

Course Description:
The colonial foundations; political, economic, social and cultural developments in the emerging United States; the early agrarian republic; the Civil War.

Required Reading:
1. Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin
2. Thomas Paine “Common Sense”3. The Red Badge of Courage, Stephen Crane
4. Slavery: A book of your choice: we will discuss this in class.
5. A History of the American People, Author: Paul Johnson
6. Weekly blog readings: Each week you will have both primary and secondary sources to read on the blog.

The Blog: If you have questions or comments about this class, or if you want to see the course reader or the syllabus online, just go to our course blog:
http://history231spring2011.blogspot.com/

You need to sign in to this blog this week.
You will also have short weekly readings on the blog. The picture outlines, study guides, and just some valuable historical loot can be found at our course blog. Check it often!

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:
Educational theorists insist that the stating of goals and objectives before entering into an instruction-rich environment is crucial. Hence, I am including here the goals and objectives created by the History Department. If you’d like to read more about the way we learn history, Sam Wineburg, at Stanford, has some wonderful theory on how we adopt historical learning practices. (For example, look up the following articles, Wineburg, S. (1991). On the reading of historical texts: Notes on the breach between school and academy. American Educational Research Journal, 28(3), 495-519. Wineburg, S. & Schneider, J. (2009). Was Bloom’s taxonomy pointed in the wrong direction? Phi Delta Kappan, 91 (4), 56-61.) None of these ideas seem to have been incorporated in what is the official statement of the History Department. Instead, the department seems to define “goals” and “objectives” as events rather than skills. In this course, however, we will grapple with what it means to learn and with the way that the brain engages in historical thinking at certain moments. Hence, this will not only be a course about history, about a bunch of stuff that happened (which is what the goals below seem to suggest), but will also be a course about memory, about the processing of information, about writing effectively from various authorial positions, about why our brains work the way they do and how constructing an historical argument can engage the brain, and about thinking about history itself. We will get meta-cognitive! (and yes, we’ll define that term in class) Obviously, we’ll cover the official goals that follow, and we will respect the departmental guidelines, but we will sacrifice those goals in the interest of quality instruction. For example, if we are having a brilliant discussion on Andrew Jackson, and we begin cutting into the time that I had planned to spend on, let’s say, the Anti-Mason movement, we will sacrifice the Anti-Masons in the interest of real learning. Quantity of history is not, as opposed to what is printed below, the key to sound history learning!
History Department Course Goals and Objectives for History 231 U.S. History to 1865:
Goal 1:
Students will learn the chronology and topical organization of U.S. history from the origins of European colonization to the conclusion of the Civil War.
Objective #1:
Students will be able to identify the major chronological divisions of U.S. history and discuss in writing how and why scholars have divided the past into various periods.
Objective #2:
Students will be able to identify the major topical divisions of U.S. history and recognize on objective tests and discuss in writing the significance of such topics as epidemic disease in the founding period, the role of political ideology in the coming of the Revolution, the rise of slavery and abolitionism, the political consequences of westward expansion, and the origins of the Civil War.
Goal 2:
Student will learn about the origins of European colonization and the consequences of contact among the peoples of America, Europe, and Africa in the colonial period.
Objective #1:
Students will be able to explain the motivations behind European colonization of the New World, the origins of the transAtlantic slave trade, the rise of the plantation economies, and the roles of mercantilism and religious persecution in the founding of the American colonies.
Objective #2:
Students will be able to define and discuss such terms as Columbian Exchange, virgin-soil epidemics, and Eurocentrism.
Goal 3:
Students will acquire an understanding of the principal political documents of U.S. history, including but not limited to the Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, Constitution, Federalist and Anti-Federalist Papers, and the Emancipation Proclamation.
Objective #1:
Students will be able to write about the core political ideology of the American Revolution as embodied in the Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution.
Objective #2:
Students will be able to explain the historical context and significance of the Emancipation Proclamation.
Goal 4:
Students will acquire an appreciation and understanding of diversity through the study of the history of the contributions of ethnic and racial minorities and women.
Objective #1:
Students will be able to write about and discuss orally the contributions of African Americans to early American history in terms of labor, society and culture.
Objective #2:
Students will be able to write about and discuss orally the contributions of and the prescribed role of women in colonial America and how that role changed as a result of the American Revolution and the subsequent urbanization of the United States.
Goal 5:
Students will learn about the lives of significant individuals in American history.
Objective #1:
Students will be able to identify on objective tests and/or essays the significant individuals in the history of the United States from colonial times to 1865.
Objective #2:
Students will be able to write about the contributions of a number of important people in the history of the United States from colonial times to 1865.
Goal 6:
Students will learn about the importance of republican principles and civic education in the sustaining of the American political system.
Objective #1:
Students will be able to identify the core principles of republicanism and the role of an educated electorate through an examination of a number of historical crises in the era preceding 1865, e.g. the colonial debate over taxation and representation, the struggle for the ratification of the Constitution, the Missouri Compromise, the Mexican War, the Nullification Crisis, the Compromise of 1850, and the Secessionist Crisis.
Goal 7:
Students will learn the geographical setting for historical events and the role expansion played in American history.
Objective #1:
Students will be able to identify on maps and/or objective exams and essays the important geographic settings, locations, and context for historical events.

Graded Coursework:
The work you do in this course is listed below. For each of those areas, the best way to succeed will be to come in to receive extra help. Both exams will have multiple choice questions based on the lectures and readings. Hence, it may be a good idea to have me look over your notes. If it does not seem that you are taking sufficient notes, or if you are taking too many, I’ll give you some guidance. The earlier we can catch these issues the better. The final exam will also include an essay. I would love to go over in-class essay writing standards in my office. Come by and we’ll talk about that. There’s also an out of class essay. That should be heavily revised, something else I’d love to help you do. Simply bring a rough draft by my office and we’ll talk. Be active!

Grading Scale:
Participation: 10%
Library Assignment: 2%
Dec of Independence Assignment: 3%
Indian Removal Debate: 5%
The Slavery Essay: 20%
Midterm Exam 25%
Crane Quiz: 5%
Final Exam: 30%

Attendance:
Just to be clear, to succeed on tests and papers you really should be in class. That’s just common sense, right? To pass this class, you may not miss more than two classes. If you miss that third class meeting, you are missing too much of the quarter. You cannot do that and pass.
So, here’s what we do. Do your best to not miss any class unnecessarily. Let’s say your boyfriend, girlfriend, husband, or wife calls and wants to take you to Tahiti this weekend, but you won’t be back until late Tuesday night. Here’s what you say: “Honey, I love you, but Dr. Schmoll seems to value my education more than you do, so we are breaking up.” Ok, that may be harsh, so don’t do that, but just make sure that you do not miss any class until the 8th week. What I’ve found is that it seems inevitable that those who miss two classes early for pathetic reasons like doctor’s appointments that should have been more carefully scheduled get to the 8th week and then have to miss for a legitimate reason (like a surprise meeting at work, a sick child to take care of, or a flat tire). If you get to that 8th week and then have to miss your third class, it’ll be bad. By that point, I’ll be kind, compassionate, a real shoulder to cry on, if you want, when telling you that you’ve now failed the course. Now, if you make it to the 8th or 9th week and you have not missed those two classes, then you have some wiggle room, so that if, heaven forbid, your cat Poopsie gets pneumonia and you have to sit up all night bottle-feeding her liquid antibiotics, you and I don’t have to have that ugly conversation where I tell you that Poopsie gets blamed for you failing the course. Let’s put this another way; do you like movies? No way, me too! When you go to the movies do you usually get up and walk around the theatre for 10-15% of the movie? Let’s say you do decide to do that, out of a love of popcorn and movie posters, perhaps. If you did that, would you expect to understand the whole story? Okay, maybe if you are watching Harold and Kumar, but for anything else, you’ll be lost. So, please, get to class.

Being Prompt:
Get to class on time. Why does that matter? First, it sends the wrong message to your principal grader (that’s me). As much as we in the humanities would like you to believe that these courses are objective (at what time of day did the Battle of Gettysburg begin?), that is not entirely the case. If you send your principal grader the message that you don’t mind missing the first few minutes and disturbing others in the class, don’t expect to be given the benefit of the doubt when the tests and papers roll around. Does that sound mean? It’s not meant to, but just remember, your actions send signals. Being late also means that someone who already has everything out and is ready and is involved in the discussion has to stop, move everything over, get out of the chair to let you by, pick up the pencil you drop, let you borrow paper, run to the bathroom because you spilled the coffee, and so on. It’s rude. There’s an old saying: better two hours early than two minutes late. Old sayings are good.
So, what are the consequences of persistent tardiness? What do you think they should be? Remember that 10% participation? You are eligible for that grade if you are on time. By the way, if you are more than 15 minutes late, it is considered an absence. Get here on time. And no, I’m not the jackass who watches for you to be late that one time and stands at the door and points in your face. One time tardiness is not a problem precisely because it is not persistent. It’s an accident. If you are late a three times, however, you will lose the entire 10% participation grade.

The Unforgivable Curse:
Speaking of one time issues, there is something that is so severe, so awful, that if it happens one time, just one time, no warning, no “oh hey I noticed this and if you could stop it that’d be super,” you will automatically lose all 10 percent of the Participation grade. Any guesses? C’mon, you must have some idea. No, it’s not your telephone ringing. If that happens, it’ll just be slightly funny and we’ll move on. It’s a mistake and not intentional, and the increased heart rate and extra sweat on your brow from you diving headfirst into an overstuffed book bag to find a buried phone that is now playing that new Lady Gaga ringtone is punishment enough for you. So, what is it, this unforgivable crime? Texting. If you take out your phone one time to send or receive messages you will automatically lose 10% of your course grade. That means, if you receive a final grade of 85%, it will drop to 75%. If you receive a final grade of 75%, it will become a 65%. Just to make this more concrete, just last quarter, three people lost their whole participation and hence did no pass the class because of texting. Why is that? The phone ringing is an accident. Texting is on purpose and is rude. It, in fact, is beyond rude. It wreaks of the worst of our current society. It bespeaks the absolutely vile desire we all have to never separate from our technological tether for even a moment. It sends your fellow classmates and your teacher the signal that you have better things to do. Checking your phone during class is like listening to a friend’s story and right in the middle turning away and talking to someone else. Plus, the way our brains work, you need to fully immerse yourself, to tune your brain into an optimal, flowing machine (see Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi’s incredible book Flow) that can grasp and can let itself go. Students now tend to see school as a stopover on their way to a career. Brothers and sisters, that’s deadly! I wish that I could pay for you all to quit your jobs and just focus on the mind. I can’t yet do that, but if I could I would, because it’d be worth every penny. Devoting time to the mind and to thinking deeply about your world will change who you are and how you approach your future, your family, your job, and your everything. Is that overstated? I believe it to be true. So, until my stock choices really take off so that I can pay all of your bills, promise me one thing. When you are in class or preparing for class, you have to be fully here. Oh crap, now it’s going to sound like a hippy professor from the 1960s: “I mean, like, be here man, just be here.” Maybe the hippies were on to something. Devote yourself fully to your classes by unplugging from the outside world for awhile.

Laptops:
The same principal goes for laptops, too. Remember, if you are taking notes on a laptop, something I think is great, you may not be on the internet at the same time. Yes, you may go to the course blog for the outline or to a document we are using in class, but you may not check email or facebook, or access anything else online. The reason why merits repeating; devote yourself fully to your classes by unplugging from the outside world for awhile.

Class Climate:
No, I don’t mean whether it’s going to rain in here or not. Sometimes I’ll lecture at you, but even then, your participation is vital. How can you participate when someone is lecturing? Any ideas? Turn to a neighbor and tell them the story of your first day at school in kindergarten. Now, if you are the one listening to the story, right in the middle look away, look at your watch, sneer at them, roll your eyes, yawn, wave to someone across the room, nudge a person next to you and tell them a joke, all while the other person is telling about his or her first day of kindergarten. If this happens in social setting we call it rude, and we call the people who listen in that way jackasses. They are not our friends precisely because we deeply value listening and do not put up with those who do not listen well. Right? So, there will be lecturing, and if you abhor what we are doing, then fake it. I used to do that sometimes too: “oh no, professor, I love hearing you talk about President Reagan’s policies of supply side economics.” If we listen to psychologists, by faking interest you’ll be learning much more than if you show your disinterest. The next time you are sad force yourself to smile and you’ll see what I mean. So, sometimes there will be lecture. At other times there will be discussion of short readings that we do in class. During these times, it’s crucial that you do the silly little exercises: turn to a neighbor; find someone you don’t know and discuss this or that; explain to your friend what we just went over in lecture; pick something from the reading to disagree with; find two people on the other side of the room; throw cash at your professor…ok, maybe not that last one. This class is a bit unique in that it violates the normally accepted activity systems of college history classrooms. What we do in discussion will help solidify the concepts of each section of this course in your brain. If you are active in class, you will have to study less, and you’ll find yourself remembering much more.

Reading:
How many of you love reading? I did not read a book until I was 18, so if you have not yet started your journey on this ever widening path, it’s never too late. In any course, there’s no substitute for reading. Theorist Jim Moffett says that “all real writing happens from plentitude,” meaning that you can only really write well about someone once you know about it. Reading is one way to know—not the only, by any means! I want you to have experiences with great texts. I can show you voluminous research proving why you nee to read more, but then if I assign a stupid, long, expensive textbook you probably will end up not reading, or only reading to have the reading done, something we have all done, right? The economy now requires much higher literacy rates (see The World is Flat), and even though reading levels have not gone down in the last 40 years, it is crucial that you start to push your own reading so that your own literacy level goes up. For these ten weeks, diving wholeheartedly into the course reading is vital. Remember to read in a particular way. As reading expert and UCSB professor Sheridan Blau has argued, “reading is as much a process of text production as writing is.” Reading involves revision? Does that sound silly? As you read, think about the different ways that you understand what you read. Most importantly, when you read, think about the words of E.D. Hirsch, who says that we look at what a text says (reading), what it means (interpretation), and why it matters (criticism). Hey, but if you are in a history course, aren’t you supposed to be reading for exactly the number of miles of trenches that were dug in World War One, how many railroad workers died from 1890 to 1917, or what the causes of the Great Depression were? Anyway, the answer is yes and no. There are two types of reading that you’ll do in college. As the literary goddess theorist Louise Rosenblatt explains, there is aesthetic reading, where you are reading to have an experience with the text, and there is efferent reading, where you are reading to take away information from the text. You do both types all the time. Think about a phone book. You have probably never heard someone say of a phone book, “don’t tell me about it, I want to read it for myself.” Reading a phone book is purely efferent. In this course you will practice both types of reading. I have chosen texts that you can enjoy (aesthetic) and that you can learn from(efferent). I want to see and appreciate the detail in our reading, but in this course I’ll give you that detail in class lectures. In the reading, it’s much more important that you read texts that will live with you forever and to inspire you to think more thoroughly about your world. As you read, you should be working hard to create meaning for yourself. As Rosenblatt asserts, “taking someone else’s interpretation as your own is like having someone else eat your dinner for you.” Please, don’t let the numbskulls at wikipedia or sparknotes eat your dinner for you.

Participation: You do not need to be the person who speaks out the most, asks the most questions, or comes up with the most brilliant historical arguments to receive full credit in participation. If you are in class and on time, discuss the issues that we raise, avoid the temptation to nod off, to leave early, or to text people during class (the three easiest ways to lose credit), and in general act like you care, then you will receive a good participation grade! Just being here does not guarantee a 100% participation grade, since you must be regularly actively involved for that to be possible.

Academic Honesty
You are responsible for knowing all college policies about academic honesty. Any student who plagiarizes any part of his or her papers may receive an “F” in the course and a letter to the Dean. Here’s the opening paragraph of CSUB’s Office of Student Rights and Responsibilities:

Academic Integrity
The principles of truth and integrity are recognized as fundamental to a community of teachers and scholars. The University expects that both faculty and students will honor these principles and in so doing will protect the integrity of all academic work and student grades. Students are expected to do all work assigned to them without unauthorized assistance and without giving unauthorized assistance. Faculty have the responsibility of exercising care in the planning and supervision of academic work so that honest effort will be encouraged and positively reinforced.
http://www.csub.edu/studentconduct/documents/academicintegrity.pdf

COURSE SCHEDULE
Week One:
3/28 Intro/Pre-Columbian Americas/“Discovery” and Exploration/Go Over Reading Guide to Franklin
3/30 The Case of Cortes and the Aztecs/Hand out Library Assignment
4/1 Early English Colonies

Week Two:
4/4 LIBRARY ASSIGNMENT DUE/BRING THE BOOK OF YOUR CHOICE
Syllabus Sign In Sheet Due
4/6 Early English and Other Colonies: Labor Troubles
4/8 The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin Due/American Enlightenment

Week Three:
4/11 Great Awakening
4/13 Mid-Century Challenges
4/15 Mid-Century Challenges

Week Four:
4/18 Road to War/Common Sense Reading Due/Midterm Review
4/20 Revolutionary War/Declaration of Independence Assignment Due
4/22 Making a New Nation

Week Five:
4/25 Early National Period/MIDTERM EXAMINATION
4/27 Jefferson’s America
4/29 International Conflicts: War of 1812/Early Industrialism/

Week Six:
5/2 THE WORLD OF THE SLAVE PART ONE
5/4 THE WORLD OF THE SLAVE PART TWO
5/6 THE WORLD OF THE SLAVE PART THREE
(SLAVERY ESSAY WRITTEN TODAY)

Week Seven:
5/9 The Five Civilized Tribes/Cherokee Removal Debate Prep
5/11 Cherokee Removal Debate
5/13 “Secret Life of a Developing Country”

Week Eight:
5/16 War with Mexico and other Western Issues
5/18 Sectionalism
5/20 Sectionalism

Week Nine:
5/23 Sectionalism/Final Exam Review
5/25 “Cycles of Distrust”—Sectionalism
5/27 “Cycles of Distrust”—Sectionalism

Week Ten:
5/30 CAMPUS CLOSED: MEMORIAL DAY
6/1 “Cycles of Distrust”—Sectionalism
6/3 Civil War: From Bull Run to the Gettysburg Address/Red Badge of Courage Due

6/6 Last day of Class:

FINAL EXAM History 231 Section 1 Wed June 8 11-1:30
FINAL EXAM History 231 Section 2 Fri June 10th 2-4:30

HISTORY 231

Wednesday, March 30, 2011

LECTURE OUTLINE: “Discovery” and Settlement

Monday, March 28, 2011

Reading Guide for The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin

SYLLABUS